Tham khảo Thụ phấn mở

  1. 1 2 3 Culley, T. M.; Klooster, M. R. (2007). “The cleistogamous breeding system: a review of its frequency, evolution, and ecology in angiosperms”. Botanical Review 73 (1): 1–30. doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2007)73[1:TCBSAR]2.0.CO;2. 
  2. 1 2 3 4 Ballard, H. E.; Cortes-Palomec, A. C.; Feng, M; Wang, Y; Wyatt, S. E. (2011). Thangadurai, D; Busso, C; Hijri, M, biên tập. “The chasmogamous/cleistogamous mixed breeding system, a widespread and evolutionarily successful reproductive strategy in angiosperms”. Frontiers in biodiversity studies. Agrobios: Bioscene Publications. tr. 16–41. 
  3. ↑ Waller, D. M. (1979). “The relative costs of self- and cross-fertilized seeds in Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae).”. American Journal of Botany 66: 313–320. doi:10.2307/2442608. 
  4. 1 2 Lord, E. M. (1981). “Cleistogamy: a tool for the study of floral morphogenesis, function and evolution.”. Botanical Review 47 (4): 421–449. JSTOR 4353990. doi:10.1007/bf02860538. 
  5. ↑ Schemske, D. W. (1978). “Evolution of reproductive characteristics in Impatiens (Balsaminaceae): the significance of cleistogamy and chasmogamy”. Ecology 59: 596–613. doi:10.2307/1936588. 
  6. ↑ Jasieniuk, M.; Lechowicz, M. J. (1987). “Spatial and temporal variation in chasmogamy and cleistogamy in Oxalis montana (Oxalidaceae)” (PDF). American Journal of Botany 74 (11): 1672–1680. doi:10.2307/2444136. 
  7. ↑ Lloyd, D. G. (1984). “Variation strategies of plants in heterogeneous environments.”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 21: 357–385. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb01600.x.